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What is Physical Therapist?
Physical
therapy (or physiotherapy), often
abbreviated PT, is a health care
profession primarily concerned with the
remediation of impairments and
disabilities and the promotion of
mobility, functional ability, quality of
life and movement potential through
examination, evaluation, diagnosis and
physical intervention carried out by
Physical Therapists (known as
Physiotherapists in some countries) and
Physical Therapist Assistants (known as
Physical Rehabilitation Therapists in
some countries). In addition to clinical
practice, other activities encompassed
in the physical therapy profession
include research, education,
consultation and administration.
Definitions and licensing requirements
in the United States vary among
jurisdictions, as each state has enacted
its own physical therapy practice act
defining the profession within its
jurisdiction, but the American Physical
Therapy Association (APTA) has also
drafted a model definition in order to
limit this variation, and the APTA is
also responsible for accrediting
physical therapy education curricula
throughout the United States. In many
settings, physical therapy services may
be provided alongside, or in conjunction
with, other medical or rehabilitation
services, such as Physical therapy
or speech therapy.
Educational
criteria for physical
therapy providers vary from
state to state and from
country to country, and
among various levels of
professional responsibility.
Most US states have physical
therapy practice acts that
recognize both Physical
Therapists (PT) and Physical
Therapist Assistants (PTA),
and some jurisdictions also
recognize Physical Therapy
Technicians (PT Techs) or
Aides.
The primary
physical therapy
practitioner is
the Physical
Therapist (PT),
who is trained
and licensed to
examine,
evaluate,
diagnose and
treat
impairments,
functional
limitations and
disabilities in
patients or
clients.
Currently, most
Physical
Therapist
education
curricula in the
United States
culminate in a
Doctor of
Physical Therapy
(DPT) degree but
many currently
practicing PTs
hold a Master of
Physical Therapy
degree and some
hold a
Bachelor's
degree.
The World
Confederation of
Physical Therapy
(WCPT)
recognizes there
is considerable
diversity in the
social,
economic,
cultural, and
political
environments in
which physical
therapist
education is
conducted
throughout the
world. WCPT
recommends
physical
therapist
entry-level
educational
programs be
based on
university or
university-level
studies, of a
minimum of four
years,
independently
validated and
accredited as
being at a
standard that
accords
graduates full
statutory and
professional
recognition.WCPT
acknowledges
there is
innovation and
variation in
program delivery
and in
entry-level
qualifications,
including first
university
degrees
(Bachelors/Baccalaureate/Licensed
or equivalent),
Masters and
Doctorate entry
qualifications.
What is expected
is that any
program should
deliver a
curriculum that
will enable
physical
therapists to
attain the
knowledge,
skills, and
attributes
described in
these
guidelines.
Professional
education
prepares
physical
therapists to be
autonomous
practitioners,
that may work in
collaboration
with other
members of the
health care
team.
Curricula in the
United States
are accredited
by the
Commission on
Accreditation in
Physical Therapy
Education (CAPTE).
Educational criteria for physical
therapy providers vary from state to state and from
country to country, and among various levels of
professional responsibility. Most US states have
physical therapy practice acts that recognize both
Physical Therapists (PT) and Physical Therapist
Assistants (PTA), and some jurisdictions also
recognize Physical Therapy Technicians (PT Techs) or
Aides.
Curricula for the
Physical Therapist professional degree
include:
Screening to
determine when patients/clients need
further examination or consultation
by a physical therapist or referral
to another health care professional.
Examination: Examine
patients/clients by obtaining a
history from them and from other
sources. Examine patients/clients by
performing systems reviews. Examine
patients/clients by selecting and
administering culturally appropriate
and age related tests and measures.
Tests and measures include, but are
not limited to, those that assess:
a. Aerobic Capacity/Endurance, b.
Anthropometric Characteristics, c.
Arousal, Attention, and Cognition,
d. Assistive and Adaptive Devices,
e. Circulation (Arterial, Venous,
Lymphatic), f. Cranial and
Peripheral Nerve Integrity, g.
Environmental, Home, and Work
(Job/School/Play) Barriers, h.
Ergonomics and Body Mechanics, i.
Gait, Locomotion, and Balance, j.
Integumentary Integrity, k. Joint
Integrity and Mobility, l. Motor
Function (Motor Control and Motor
Learning), m. Muscle Performance
(including Strength, Power, and
Endurance), n. Neuromotor
Development and Sensory Integration,
o. Orthotic, Protective, and
Supportive Devices, p. Pain, q.
Posture, r. Prosthetic Requirements,
s. Range of Motion (including Muscle
Length), t. Reflex Integrity, u.
Self-Care and Home Management
(including activities of daily
living [ADL] and instrumental
activities of daily living [IADL]),
v. Sensory Integrity, w. Ventilation
and Respiration/Gas Exchange, x.
Work (Job/School/Play), Community,
and Leisure Integration or
Reintegration (including IADL)
Evaluation: Evaluate
data from the examination (history,
systems review, and tests and
measures) to make clinical judgments
regarding patients/clients.
Diagnosis: Determine
a diagnosis that guides future
patient/client management.
Prognosis: Determine
patient/client prognoses.
Plan of Care:
Collaborate with patients/clients,
family members, payers, other
professionals, and other individuals
to determine a plan of care that is
acceptable, realistic, culturally
competent, and patient-centered.
Intervention: Provide
physical therapy interventions to
achieve patient/client goals and
outcomes. Interventions include: a.
Therapeutic Exercise, b. Functional
Training in Self-Care and Home
Management, c. Functional Training
in Work (Job/School/Play),
Community, and Leisure Integration
or Reintegration, d. Manual Therapy
Techniques (including
Mobilization/Manipulation Thrust and
Nonthrust Techniques), e.
Prescription, Application, and, as
Appropriate, Fabrication of Devices
and Equipment, f. Airway Clearance
Techniques, g. Integumentary Repair
and Protection Techniques, h.
Electrotherapeutic Modalities,
Provide effective
culturally competent instruction to
patients/clients and others to
achieve goals and outcomes.
Prevention, Health
Promotion, Fitness, and Wellness:
Provide culturally competent
physical therapy services for
prevention, health promotion,
fitness, and wellness to
individuals, groups, and
communities. Apply principles of
prevention to defined population
groups.
Students completing
a Doctor of Physical Therapy program
are also required to successfully
complete clinical internships prior
to graduation.
Wikipedia.org
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